Solar and photovoltaic (PV) systems harness the power of sunlight to generate electricity in a sustainable and eco-friendly way. Photovoltaic panels, typically installed on rooftops or ground-mounted arrays, contain semiconductor materials like silicon that convert sunlight into direct current (DC) electricity through the photovoltaic effect. An inverter then transforms this DC electricity into alternating current (AC), which can be used to power homes, businesses, or exported to the national grid. Solar energy systems offer a renewable and cost-effective solution to reducing carbon footprints and reliance on fossil fuels. With advancements in technology, modern PV systems are becoming more efficient and accessible, making them a key contributor to the global shift toward renewable energy. Additionally, they can be paired with battery storage to provide power even when the sun isn’t shining, ensuring a reliable and resilient energy source.